![]() The age at which children gain brain control over their bladders varies, so children differ greatly in how long it takes them to become fully toilet trained. Our brains learn that we can control when the bladder contracts and also stop it from contracting and so we become ‘potty trained’. As we get older we start to learn to block this reflex. When we are babies our bladders fill and empty without our control as a reflex when the bladder is full. What is considered normal depends on your child’s age. Relaxing one hand whilst squeezing with the other takes coordination, and this is what the sphincter and detrusor muscles should do when you urinate (‘wee’) the sphincter relaxes at the same time that the detrusor bladder muscle contracts. The best way to empty the balloon of water is to relax your fingers holding the neck of the balloon and at the same time, squeeze down with the hand around the balloon itself. Your other hand rests on and around the balloon, just like the detrusor muscle. Your fingers on one hand hold the neck of the balloon shut and so are acting like the sphincter muscle. To help understand how the bladder works, imagine you are holding a balloon filled with water. ![]() Older children can hold more urine and void less regularly than young children who, because their bladders can hold less, need to void more frequently. The bladder increases in size as your child grows and so gets an increased capacity. The bladder should stretch easily as it fills with urine and should not contract or get increased pressure inside as it fills. The bladder is like a balloon inside your body that fills up with, and stores, urine. The important muscles that relate to the bladder are firstly the ‘detrusor muscles’ in the bladder wall and secondly the ‘sphincter’ which is a ring of muscle at the junction of the bladder and urethra which stops urine leaking out between voids ('wees').
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